Lead, a naturally occurring mineral, has been a major component of interior and exterior paints since the 18th century. It was also used in certain solders and plumbing applications. It was popular due to its’ inexpensive cost and excellent adhesion and drying properties. However the federal government banned lead paint, for use in residential and industrial applications, during the late 1970’s.
As lead paint deteriorates or is damaged it produces chips and dust that places adults and especially young children at risk. The dust and chips can easily enter the bloodstream through either inhalation or ingestion. The gradual accumulation of lead dust and fumes results in lead poisoning, which studies have revealed cause elevated blood levels in developing children. This has been linked to lower IQ scores, learning disabilities and behavioral problems, many of which are irreversible following treatment. Even though adults are less susceptible to poisoning, they can suffer from weight loss, insomnia, abdominal, muscle and joint pains and even sterility in severe cases of exposure.
Because of these potential adverse effects, the North Carolina Lead-Based Paint Hazard Management Program (LHMP) was established in 1998 to administer federal requirements of TSCA Title X. The LHMP rules require certification of individuals and firms who conduct abatement in target housing and child occupied facilities. Additionally, a permit is required for abatement activities in some cases. Further, any construction work, including alteration, repair, demolition or renovation that involves lead paint requires employee monitoring for the duration of the project. (OSHA Construction Standard 29 CFR 1926.62)
